Major Complications of Female Pelvic Surgery

Mitchel Hoffman, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Interdisciplinary Oncology, Tampa, Florida, USA

Tracy L. Hull, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

Bernard BochnerUrology Service/Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA

Medical Complications.
Cardiac complications.
Pulmonary complications.
Endocrine complications.
Nutrition-related complications.
Thromboembolism.
Cerebrovascular complications.

General Surgical Complications. 
Infection.
Wound complications.
Hemorrhage.
The urinary tract.
The gastrointestinal tract.
Nerve injury.

Procedure-Related Complications.
Lower Genital Tract.
Vulvar procedures.
Vaginal procedures.
Operations for Stress urinary incontinence.
Uterus.
Hysteroscopy, dilation and curettage.
Cone biopsy.
Uterine surgery for infertility.
Hysterectomy.
Lower Urinary Tract.
Urethral diverticulectomy.
Transurethral bladder surgery.
Partial cystectomy.
Anus and Rectum.
Local anal operations and transanal procedures
Perianal abscess and fistula.
Rectopexy.
Miscellaneous.
Laparoscopy and robotics.
Sterilization procedures.
Benign ovarian disease.
Pregnancy.
Ectopic pregnancy.
Surgical termination of pregnancy.
Cesarean hysterectomy.
Cancer.
Vascular access.
Surgery for vulvar cancer.
Pelvic and paraaortic Lymphadenectomy.
Radical hysterectomy.
Bladder cancer.
Anal cancer.
Rectal and rectosigmoid carcinoma.
Exenteration.
Urinary diversion.
Vaginal reconstructive procedures.